Over 1 million people in the United States are living with HIV, and many are unaware of their status. Testing, counseling, treatment, and ongoing monitoring play crucial roles in controlling the spread of the virus. Healthcare professionals need to be well-versed in several key areas: the origin and history of HIV, the different strains, modes of transmission, and strategies to minimize occupational exposure. They must also know how to assess patient risk and reduce the likelihood of infection, understand the stages and symptoms of HIV, and conduct HIV testing while providing pre- and post-test counseling. Additionally, effective clinical management of HIV involves knowledge of antiretroviral therapy classes, discussing prevention strategies with patients, and being familiar with HIV-related laws and reporting requirements.
